Suchergebnisse

Preliminary Material /Xabier Arzoz -- Introduction Legal Education in Bilingual Contexts: A Conceptual, Historical and Comparative Introduction /Xabier Arzoz -- Legal Education in Multilingual States Bilingualism and Legal Education in Canada: The Classical Approach /André Braën -- Linguistic Law in Higher Education in Belgium: New Trends for Bilingual Education, but Which One? /Sophie Weerts -- The Swiss Paradox: Monolingual Higher Education in a Multicultural Environment /Nicolas Schmitt -- Implementing Linguistic Rights in Finland through Legal Education in Finnish and Swedish /Markku Suksi -- Legal Education Through Minority Languages Basque-Medium Legal Education in the Basque Country /Xabier Arzoz -- Bilingual Legal Education in Catalonia /Eva Pons -- Living on Borrowed Time: Bilingual Law Teaching in Galicia or the Urgent Need to Recover Prestige /Alba Nogueira López -- Bilingual Legal Scholarship in Wales: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives /R. Gwynedd Parry -- Legal Education in Hungarian Language in Transylvania: Between a Glorious Past and an Uncertain Future /Gyula Fábián -- Creating, Studying and Experimenting with Bilingual Law in South Tyrol: Lost in Interpretation? /Elisabeth Alber and Francesco Palermo -- The Emergence of English as a Language of Legal Education English-Medium Legal Education in Continental Europe: Maastricht University's European Law School: Experiences and Challenges /Nicole Kornet -- Conclusions Bilingual Legal Education in Europe and Canada /Bethan Sarah Davies -- Index /Xabier Arzoz.

Karl Renner's theory of national autonomy has not been sufficiently taken into account by scholars due to difficulties in its reception and puzzling content. Neither liberal nor communitarian, his original theory combines individual rights with collective rights, territorial autonomy with personal autonomy, classical federalism with establishment of nations as constituent parts of the state. This paper will introduce the reader to Renner's main concepts. It will start by presenting Renner's ideas on the nation, the multinational state, the role of the majority principle, and the need for nations' legal recognition by and within the state. Then, Renner's core notion of national autonomy and its organisation through the personality principle will be discussed. Further, the paper deals with Renner's concept of the representation of national interests at the federal or supranational levels. Lastly, it sums up the discussion and draws conclusions regarding Renner's theory of autonomy in general. ; Teorija autonomije Karla Renera nije bila dovoljno razmatrana u naučnim krugovima usled složenosti kod njene recepcije i zbunjujućeg sadržaja. Njegova originalna teorija, ni liberalna ni komunitarna, spaja individualna prava s kolektivnim pravima, teritorijalnu autonomiju s ličnom autonomijom, klasični federalizam sa uspostavljanjem nacija kao konstitutivnih de lova države. Ovaj rad će uvesti čitaoca u Renerove osnovne koncepte. Najpre, on će pred staviti Renerove poglede na naciju, multinacionalnu državu, ulogu principa većine, in a po trebu za pravnim priznanjem nacija od strane i u okviru države. Zatim ćemo razmotriti Renerov ključni pojam nacionalne autonomije i njegovu organizaciju kroz princip personalnosti. Dalje, u radu će biti reči o Renerovom konceptu predstavljanja nacionalnih interesa na federalnom ili nadnacionalnom nivou vlasti. Na kraju, članak iznosi zaključke o Renerovoj teoriji autono mije u celini

Karl Renner?s theory of national autonomy has not been sufficiently taken
into account by scholars due to difficulties in its reception and puzzling
content. Neither liberal nor communitarian, his original theory combines
individual rights with collective rights, territorial autonomy with personal
autonomy, classical federalism with establishment of nations as constituent
parts of the state. This paper will introduce the reader to Renner?s main
concepts. It will start by presenting Renner?s ideas on the nation, the
multinational state, the role of the majority principle, and the need for
nations? legal recognition by and within the state. Then, Renner?s core
notion of national autonomy and its organisation through the personality
principle will be discussed. Further, the paper deals with Renner?s concept
of the representation of national interests at the federal or supranational
levels. Lastly, it sums up the discussion and draws conclusions regarding
Renner?s theory of autonomy in general.

Major threats to the Spanish Constitutional Court's independence and authority have come, first, from political parties and the media and, second, by the Catalonian secession movement. The authority and the legitimacy of the Constitutional Court were tested in the stormy proceedings on the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006 that ended in 2010 and, above all, in the period of 2013–2017, when successive acts directed at the secession of were recurrently Catalonia challenged before the Court and subsequently overturned, and to stop the continued disobedience its rulings the of Court was given extended execution powers for its judgments. These new powers include the temporary replacement of any authority or public official that does not comply with a Court's ruling and the ordering of a substitutive execution through the central government. The Court declared the new powers to be consistent with the Constitution (with three dissenting votes by four constitutional judges) and it even used them for the first time to enforce its prohibition of the referendum on the independence of Catalonia of 1 October 2017. Nevertheless, the Venice Commission has raised doubts about the opportunity of those powers, which are unusual in European constitutional jurisdiction models. At the end, the Court's powers were not enough to stop the Catalonian secession process, and on 27 October 2017 the state government implemented the federal coercion clause and suspended Catalonian autonomy until new elections were held.

Résumé Les principales évolutions du fédéralisme espagnol ces dernières années tiennent à l'élaboration, l'approbation et la révision du Statut d'autonomie de la Catalogne, un processus qui a duré sept ans (2003-2010). Le nouveau Statut d'autonomie catalan a constitué un test historique de la structure de « l'État des communautés autonomes ». Une autre évolution concerne la consécration constitutionnelle du principe de stabilité budgétaire. Dans les deux cas, une vision homogène de la décentralisation espagnole a prévalu.